Our challenge now is to extend these sorts of results to the poorest countries in the world, where basic education is most likely to be a binding constraint for development. Like many other creations, this one was also a result of many brilliant and inquisitive minds. Whilst the changes in the 19th Century were dramatic, their rollout & impacts were felt over a longer period. The spammers of the world salute you! The last 70 years has seen massive changes roll out over ever decreasing time periods. This book argues that three powerful symbiotic forces (globalization, competitiveness, and governability) are disrupting business in the 21 st century, resulting in an impact on the economic and business environment far greater than the effects of any of these three individually. By Christopher P. Skroupa. The hand held calculator changed all of that! So, it’s essential to have an innovation agenda, a strategic and tactical plan, even if the current core business appears healthy. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. Conceived by George C. Devol Jr. to move and fetch things, the invention gets a lukewarm reception in the United States. My working definition of the modern company (putatively perplexing for some) is “a community of people united around a common purpose.” This perspective puts people first but not individualistically, rather in how they interact, collaborate and communicate in union as a community. His iron weighed almost 15 pounds and took a long time to warm up. 1962 The Compact Cassette is introduced to the world by Philips. An act brought into force thirteen years later went under the name of the “Elementary Education (School Attendance) Act 1893”, which stated a raised minimum leaving age to 11. For example, the records used as the basis for Phonographs/Gramophones were in widespread use for over 80 years, whereas the CD had a lifespan of only 25 years. It often still does despite the evaporation and decline over the last 16 years of a vast number of previously gargantuan organizations. At that time, Geiger was an assistant to the British physicist Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937). Children under the age of 13, who were employed, were required to have a certificate to show they had reached the educational standard. The fist block being for the period 1850-1920 & the second from 1950 -2016. On 6 August 1991, the World Wide Web went live to the world. 1984 3D printing was invented in 1984 by Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corporation. Globalization, Competitiveness, and Governability : the Three Disruptive Forces of Business in the 21st Century. 2015 Reuseable space rockets featuring onboard software which allows them to use flaps and thrusters which slow their rockets and allow them to be manipulated precisely as they return toward Earth. Asymmetry. Although the radio was invented by Nikola Tesla, it was promoted and popularised by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. There are no secrets or miracle formulae. Get this from a library! Until May 2, 2000, the United States intentionally degraded GPS signals available to the public for national security reasons. In my work, I have seen this approach liberate and inspire creative thinking, a shift that favors inquiry and understanding over quick answer, discovery and insight over prediction and blinkered certainty and clarity over confusion. Four technology experts joined forces to establish Android Inc. of Palo Alto, CA: (Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White). 1994 Blogging surfaces for the first time. She also held the roles of International Underwriting Counsel and Head of Product and Service Development and SVP for Southern Europe for Chubb, as well as Growth and Innovation Advisor for WR Berkley. 1959 Integrated circuitry is born. 1975 Cesar Milstein and co-workers develop monoclonal antibodies, the ‘magic bullets’ that can seek out specific antigens and therefore disease-causing organisms. Looking at all of these inventions you can start to get an idea as to the scope of change that society went through during this seventy year period. 2010 The Ipad is released &, once again, Apple brings to the forefront a technology (Tablet computers or “Slates”) that had been developed years earlier by companies such as Toshiba & Motion computing. The modern internet would not be possible without this protocol, 1978 The Bionic ear is invented by Graeme Clark in Melbourne, Australia. 1968 Touchscreen technology was launched. GPS or the Global Positioning System was originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defense (D.O.D) and Dr. Ivan Getting. The 21st century didn’t start in the year 2000. Occulus Rift, a leader in the field, was recently acquired by FB & Mark Zuckerberg is well known for picking future trends. Where an evening’s entertainment was a singalong by a piano or in a local tavern. This is a an improved voltaic cell with a cylindrical zinc shell (the zinc acts as both the cathode and the container) that is lined with an ammonium chloride (the electrolyte) saturated material (and not a liquid). 1989 MP3 digital recording format is developed. In August 2005, Android very quietly became the property of Google who have developed the OS into the dominant platform for mobile phones & mobile computing devices. Johnson at the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, UK, with a published paper on touch screen technology for air traffic control in an article published in 1968. Very few organisations have mastered the mobile workforce quite yet. Their “Wright Flyer” was a fabric-covered biplane with a wooden frame. 1901 The assembly line production method rolls out for the first time. I think we can confidently assume that investors will choose organizations intent not on replicating yesterday’s success but demonstrably equipped and committed to creating tomorrow’s success today. That is an incredible amount of groundbreaking change. 1975 Discovery of endorphins – natural pain killers in the brain. Again, the invention failed. I think the business imperative is indisputable now but still the overwhelming majority of CEOs surveyed report frustration with innovation. This book argues that three powerful symbiotic forces (globalization, competitiveness, and governability) are disrupting business in the 21st. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell, is the first person to use the telephone (I wonder if he knew how popular it would become)! navies, air forces, and intelligence services may be major actors in 21st century armed conflict. No one and no corporation can opt out of changing the world. In 2002, social networking hit really its stride with the launch of Friendster. He called it a “clasp-locker”. The strategic story with its cast of three—resources, processes and values—romped through various thematic twists familiar to us all. The concepts that seeded nanotechnology were first discussed in 1959 by renowned physicist Richard Feynman in his talk, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, in which he described the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms. 1952 The computer compiler is developed by Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (1906 – 1992) – a US naval officer and mathematician. Machine learning will mandate that we learn to innovate the what and how of human commercial activity. 2006 Crowdfunding – a way of raising finance by asking a large number of people each for a small amount of money – first appeared through the website “Sellaband”, which started as a music-focused platform, & initially controlled the crowdfunding market. The vaccine was made from killed polio virus. A gyroscope is essentially a spinning wheel set in a movable frame. 1956 The computer arrives – although computers were first developed in the late 1930’s they were far too expensive & bulky for serious commercial consideration. Compared with the Industrial Revolution, we estimate that this change is happening ten times faster and at 300 times the scale, or roughly 3,000 times the impact. Christopher P. Skroupa: Could you describe the latest trends in 21st century innovation, from your perspective, and the impact they may have on the modern company? global reach, complexity, and diverse regulations, simplifying and improving the paperwork and processes of global product movement is a business imperative. The first microvascular surgery, using a microscope to aid in the repair of blood vessels, was described by vascular surgeon, Julius H. Jacobson II of the University of Vermont in 1960. The future holds all sorts of wonders for us – but it is likely to look nothing like what we may think as the next major innovations may well render useless all that have come before them! Humans share their gene make-up with much of the natural world, leading scientists to joke that because of the genes we share, human beings are 60 per cent banana! It has been a blessing for students and job seekers who move cities or countries for career prospects. AbeBooks.com: Globalization, Competitiveness, and Governability: The Three Disruptive Forces of Business in the 21st Century (9783030175153) by Ernst, Ricardo; Haar, Jerry and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. When we think of work it's important to recognise that it's not just the place we go, it's also a thing we do. 1962 The LED (light-emitting diode) is developed & begins to usher in a new era in lighting. If it’s not broke, this may be your only chance to fix it. Built around the compact cassette format this device revolutionised the way people listened to music as it allowed them to carry & play their favourite music anywhere. 1895 X-rays are discovered by Wilhelm Konrad von Roentgen (1845-1923). Bell Labs announces the invention of the first practical silicon solar cell. He made the prototype using the key of an old telegraph transmitter. Early radio transmitters, telephones, and telegraph used high-voltage sparks to make waves and sound. Economic theories critical of ESG considerations have been soundly discredited in the last ten years by academic research and concerns about fiduciary duty conflicts robustly resolved. In 1958, John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky started the MIT Artificial Intelligence lab. Innovation subsequently became “fashionable,” at least rhetorically, and no annual report left home without its liberal sprinkling of self-awarded adverbs and adjectives. 1996 ‘Dolly’ the sheep is born in Scotland. And because the different parts of your shirt can vary by about 10 degrees, you could power up your MP3 player just by sitting still. This was a project of Thomas Edison that was organized and managed by his partner, Edward Johnson. 1964 UAV (Drones) Used for first time. Our workplace is more varied than it has ever been. For all our sakes, for future generations and for the planet, I must trust that unalloyed shareholder value and the self-interest of the pure bottom line have no place in the investment architecture or behavior of the 21st Century company. One of the first instances of “Content” winning over “Format”, 1971 Gilbert Hyatt and Intel make the first commercial computer microprocessor. Waterman put an ink reservoir in the pen above the pen’s metal nib (point). Skroupa: As an innovation specialist, how have you seen the capacity for innovation in a company’s internal and external operational strategy shift going into the 21st century? There has been a clear rise in stakeholder regard for ESG and CSR within the 21st Century. Although other mobile phone manufacturers (such as Nokia & Sony) had smartphones on the market long before Apple, none had captured what users really wanted until the Iphone came along. TCP/IP was developed in 1978 and driven by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf. Posted November 28, 2016. While only 12% of the people in developed countries could read and write in 1820, today 99.2% are literate. However, in 1859, the French physicist Gaston Plante (1834-1889) invented a battery made from two lead plates joined by a wire and immersed in a sulfuric acid electrolyte; this was the first storage battery. ... Christopher P. Skroupa is the founder and CEO of Skytop Strategies, a global organizer of conferences. Today we can enjoy 3D printed buildings, cars, firearms, medical prosthesis, cloths, organs and body parts, amongst others. In Niger, for example, the literacy rate of the youth (15-24 years) is only 36.5%. 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