chromolaena odorata for ulcer

Though, 98 plant species belonging to 48 families have been identified as having anti-BU use, many have received no or little attention. Add some water and (possibly) some honey. You can cure the disease by drinking the chromolaena odorata brewed water when your chromolaena odorata is relapsing. C. odorata has a sexual reproduction although; it is known to reproduce vegetatively. Chromolaena odorata is a rapidly growing perennial herb. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Chromolaena Odorata. Usually, chromolaena odorata can be found on the height from 1000 to 2800 above the sea level. Chromolaena odorata may occasionally be confused with Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant) and Ageratina adenophora (crofton weed). The health of reproduction organs is one of the very important thing that needs to be aware of. For those of you who wonders what are actually the benefits of chromolaena odorata, below we will give the full explanations of them. Vijayaraghavan K, Rajkumar J, Seyed MA (2017) Efficacy of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts for the healing of rat excision wounds. See also: Health Benefits of Young Barley Leaves. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. KEYWORDS: Honey, cimetidine, ulcer, Chromolaena odorata, rats . By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. But, not much people know that the chromolaena odorata can actually contribute some benefits in the farming sphere. In Indonesia, chromolaena odorata as opposite, can be found in lowland about 500 above the sea. It is a perennial, diffuse and scrambling shrub which grows to 3 to 7 m in height when growing in the open. To maintain the health of it, you can drink the chromolaena odorata brewed water. Information from sequence entries Show organism modifiers. Verbreitung. ), 15 Health Benefits of Water Lily Flower As Herbal Treatments, 17 Health Benefits of Banana Leaves Tea (Top #1 Natural Remedy), 24 Health Benefits of Pandan Leaves (No.1 Surprising You), 12 Health Benefits of Yellow Dock (No.5 For Deadly Diseases), 6 Splendid Health Benefits of Spearmint Oil, Unforgettable Health Benefits of Basil Essential Oil for Skin, 5 Amazing Health Benefits of Cedarwood Essential Oil, What Are The Hidden Health Benefits of Tamanu Oil? Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson (Siam weed) extract has been used to stop bleeding and in wound healing in many tropical countries. Here are the health benefits of Chromolaena Odorata leaves: However, as the time goes by, people began to know chemical medicines and doctors. List of various diseases cured by Chromolaena Odorata. Not only that, the leaves have a rather rough texture, different than the other types of leaves. The chromolaena odorata then started to get abandoned and considered as weeds plants. It has been utilized in the traditional medicinal systems for its curative properties for centuries. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. See also: Health Benefits of … Isolated individuals start … Discover Life's page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Chromolaena odorata - Eupatorium odoratum L -- Discover Life This has been practiced since a long time ago where people only knew physician and nurses. See also: Health Benefits of Moringa Leaves, It is important for us to maintain the health of our heart to make sure it can always work well. Alles erdenkliche was du im Themenfeld Odorata wissen möchtest, findest du auf dieser Seite - ergänzt durch die ausführlichsten Odorata Produkttests. List of various diseases cured by Chromolaena Odorata. Not only that it can help when your ulcer is relapsing, it is also believed to be able to cure your ulcer if consumed routinely. Chromolaena odorata nimmt Platz 23 unter den 100 weltweit schlimmsten invasiven Arten ein. Many efforts are being made for the control of this weed. However, it exhibits anti‑inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and numerous other relevant medicinal properties on an appreciable scale, and is known in some parts of the world as a traditional medicine used to treat various ailments. 2, No. Ghana, Ivory Coast: Acheampong, Indépendance (baoulé) 2: Sam et al. Chromolaena odorata is a perennial shrub native to tropical America. Noxiousness More Accounts and Images; Integrated Taxonomic Information System (CHROM3) Wildlife. Interpreting Wetland Status. Usually, chromolaena odorata is also used a lot as traditional herb medicines. User Reviews for Omeprazole to treat Stomach Ulcer. Usually, chromolaena odorata is also used a lot as traditional herb medicines. In: Nik Zanariah NM, Sarifah KA, Nor Azman H (eds) Highlights of FRIM’s IRPA projects 2006: identifying potential commercial collaborations project evaluation meeting. Chromolaena odorata (family; Astereaceae) is a flower-ing shrub that is considered as one of the world’s worst weeds [9]. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. STATE. Dactyloctenium radulans: button grass, but only when growing in high-nitrogen soil, such as in stockyards. This review aimed to record medicinal plants used traditionally against BU in three countries in West Africa: Ivory Coast, Ghana and Benin and for which ethnopharmacological knowledge supported by pharmacological investigations has been reported. diArk: Chromolaena odorata: organism-specific: diArk - a resource for eukaryotic genome research: Wikipedia: taxonomy/phylogenetic: iPhylo: Notes: Groups interested in participating in the LinkOut program should visit the LinkOut home page. Bei Menschen, die zu Allergien neigen, kann Asthma ausgelöst werden. Chromolaena odorata. Chromolaena odorata. The genus Chromolaena includes 1,200 species of small herbs, shrubs or subshrubs distributed chiefly in the Americas, a few in Europe, Asia, and tropical Africa (54,55,67,69,70). Buruli ulcer (BU) is the third most common mycobacterial infection in the world, after tuberculosis and leprosy and has recently been recognized as an important emerging disease. Ulcer Medicine Not only that it can help when your ulcer is relapsing, it is also believed to be able to cure your ulcer if consumed routinely. Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) forms dense stands that prevent the establishment of other species, both due to competition and allelopathic effects, and interferes with natural ecosystem processes in many countries. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. Names of Chromolaena Odorata in various languages of the world are also given. This plant can be used as an organic fertilizer, bio pesticide, and traditional medicine. This review covered the available literature up to December 2014. Hence, this study investigated the anti-diabetic properties of the methanol root extract of Chromolaena odorata and its effect on biochemical parameters in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Chromolaena odorata, Sensitivity, Resistivity, Antimicrobial and Antifungal. See also: Health Benefits of Young Barley Leaves. ABSTRACT: Chromolaena odorata or siam weed is regarded as one of the most harmful weeds present on earth. Following its introduction into West Africa in 1937 and to South Africa in 1947 [21–23], the plant has spread to different parts of the continent. Vertigo is one of the diseases that can not be underestimated. However, the fast growth of this plant can potentially damage cultivation plants and cost the farmers. It is a multi-stemmed shrub to 2.5 m (100 inches) tall in open areas. There are many health benefits of Chromolaena Odorata leaves. To a lesser extent, ethnopharmacological knowledge was validated in vitro for only 13 species. With the nutrition contents as mentioned above, the chromolaena odorata then can give benefits to not only farming but also the body’s health. Daucus carota: wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace. The chromolaena odorata can also be used as the medicine for chromolaena odorata. These species can be distinguished by the following differences: C. odorata is a large upright, terrestrial plant (1.5-5 m tall) with stems that are not hollow and relatively broad leaves with slightly toothed margins. Chromolaena odorata: Siam weed. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Copyright © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.024. Introduction. These benefits of chromolaena odorata exists because of the nutrients and substances inside the plant itself. In addition, 7 species showed activity in BU patients and have emerged as a promising source of the traditional medicine for treatment of BU. See also: Health Benefits of Daikon Leaves, Not only that it can help when your ulcer is relapsing, it is also believed to be able to cure your ulcer if consumed routinely. There are many health benefits of Chromolaena Odorata leaves. Benefits of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves. You can cure the disease by drinking the chromolaena odorata brewed water when your chromolaena odorata is relapsing. The chromolaena odorata then started to get abandoned and considered as weeds plants. Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), commonly called chromolaena, is a sprawling shrub that has become one of the worst invasive terrestrial weeds in the humid tropics and subtropics of the Old World (Figure 1). The plenty of sunlight will contribute to the fast growth of this plant, therefore, the plant will be most-likely slow to grow when it doesn’t get enough light. 8) Maintain the Heart’s Health. However, it exhibits anti‑inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and numerous other relevant medicinal properties on an appreciable scale, and is known in some parts of the world as a traditional medicine used to treat various ailments. Benefits of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves. The chromolaena odorata then started to get abandoned and considered as weeds plants. 28% of those users who reviewed Omeprazole reported a positive effect, while 56% reported a negative effect. But, none of them have provided any significant success. Siam weed extract comprising extract of Chromolaena Odorata is a known skin treatment extract, which has found use in the treatment of soft tissue wounds, bums and skin infections, for example in Vietnam. Cirsium arvense: Canada thistle. Amin ex C.Jeffrey: Leaves: Decoction used for BU treatment: Benin The genus Chromolaena includes 1,200 species of small herbs, shrubs or subshrubs distributed chiefly in the Americas, a few in Europe, Asia, and tropical Africa (54,55,67,69,70). This study was limited to papers and documents published either in English or French reporting ethnopharmacological knowledge in BU treatment or pharmacological potency in vitro. DYEING OF SILK WITH NATURAL DYE Chromolaena odorata: AND IMPROVEMENT OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY USING HERBAL EXTRACTS Polynomial Regression On Accumulated Biomass Of Hopea Odorata In Ultisols Soils (English Edition) Aglaia odorata Rucksack für die Schule, niedliche Büchertaschen für Kinder, Jungen, Teenager, Kleinkinder, modischer Tagesrucksack, Reise, Laptop, … However, as the time goes by, people began to know chemical medicines and doctors. Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, native to the Americas, is an herbaceous perennial flowering shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family [20]. You can cure the disease by drinking the chromolaena odorata brewed water when your chromolaena odorata is relapsing. A list of our current non-bibliographic LinkOut providers can be found here. This review compiles for the first time ethnopharmacologically useful plants against BU. Siam weeds (Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson) is a perennial scandent or emiwoody shrub in the Asteraceae family. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Siam weed extract (SWE) It has been used for a variety of ailments in many tropical countries for a long time, especially to stop bleeding. Usually, chromolaena odorata can be found on the height from 1000 to 2800 above the sea level. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Chromolaena Odorata. Ling SK, Abdul Rashih A, Salbiah M et al (2007) Extraction and simultaneous detection of flavonoids in the leaves of Chromolaena odorata by RP-HPLC with DAD. See also: Health Benefits of Daikon Leaves. Figures 2 & 3. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Chromolaena odorata, a famous folk herb for treating skin wounds were evaluated to determine their protective effect on gastric mucosa. Therefore, plants with medicinal potential should be scrutinized for biologically active compounds, using bioassay-guided fractionation approach to provide new insights to find novel therapeutics for BU control. All content is informational purpose only, DrHealthbenefits.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment. For those of you who wonders what are actually the benefits of chromolaena odorata, below we will give the full explanations of them. The definition of cytoprotective effects could be. Vet Med 62:565–578 Google Scholar 106. See also: Health Benefits of Moringa Leaves Maintain the Heart’s Health It is important for us to maintain the health of our heart to make sure it can always work well. In Nigeria, several people who were suffering from intestinal ulcer used this leave and they were completely cured within a week. However, no or very few compilations of traditional knowledge in using medicinal plants to treat BU have been attempted so far. They are often extremely painful. 3, 1996 pp 335-343, Phan et al. This plant can be used as an organic fertilizer, biopesticide, and traditional medicine. Claoxylon australe. DYEING OF SILK WITH NATURAL DYE Chromolaena odorata: AND IMPROVEMENT OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY USING HERBAL EXTRACTS Polynomial Regression On Accumulated Biomass Of Hopea Odorata In Ultisols Soils (English Edition) Aglaia odorata Rucksack für die Schule, niedliche Büchertaschen für Kinder, Jungen, Teenager, Kleinkinder, modischer Tagesrucksack, Reise, Laptop, … Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae. It has soft stems but the base of the shrub is woody. For those of you who wonder what are actually the benefits of chromolaena odorata, below we will give the full explanations of them. Stomach ulcers are open sores in the lining of the stomach. However, as the time goes by, people began to know chemical medicines and doctors. ABSTRACT: Chromolaena odorata or siam weed is regarded as one of the most harmful weeds present on earth. Typical of prior art demonstrating this is "The Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine", Vol. This has been practiced since a long time ago where people only knew physician and nurses. PAIN RELIEVER Taking half glass cup ☕ in the morning and evening for a week, will definitely deliver anyone from body/back pain. The chromolaena odorata then started to get abandoned and considered as weeds plants. PAIN RELIEVER Taking half glass cup ☕ in the morning and evening for a week, will definitely deliver anyone from body/back pain. Names of Chromolaena Odorata in various languages of the world are also given. It is now well established in north-eastern and southern states particularly in Assam, West Bengal, Orissa, Not only that it can decrease the cholesterol level, the chromolaena odorata leaves are also capable to decrease your blood pressure. This many-branched plant becomes lianescent when it has the opportunity to climb on a support. Disclaimer | Term of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact. Chromolaena odorata parts have been used in African folk medicine for varieties of ailments including dysentery, malaria, toothache, diarrhoea, fever, skin dis-eases and diabetes [10–12]. Find Answers Here, 4 Astonishing Health Benefits Tamanu Oil for Skin. The chromolaena odorata is very useful for those of you who wants to heal cyst effectively. Pain relief. Of those, seven species including Ricinus comminus, Cyperus cyperoides (cited as Mariscus alternifolius), Nicotiana tabacum, Mangifera indica, Solanum rugosum, Carica papaya, and Moringa oleifera demonstrated efficacy in hospitalised BU patients. 8) Maintain the Heart’s Health Chromolaena odorata Jack in the bush Chromolaena oteroi Mona Island thoroughwort Chromolaena sinuata wavyleaf thoroughwort Legal Status. How: Take some Chromolaena Odorata leaves and wash, then squeeze its water into a clean bowl. King and H. Robinson is considered a tropical weed. King and H. Robinson is considered a tropical weed. Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal plant whose root has not been reported for detailed anti-diabetic properties. The leaves will have flowers at first and will bloom flowers on every summer season. It is used against dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, wound healing, headache and toothache in traditional medicine. The chromolaena odorata is very useful for those of you who wants to heal cyst effectively. October 9, 2015. Ulcer Medicine: Not only that it can help when your ulcer is relapsing, it is also believed to be able to cure your ulcer if consumed routinely. Different than when you see other leaves such as cengkir mango. Herein, the adsorption of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions was conducted using natural, low cost, easy available and environmentally friendly materials such as stems from Chromolaena odorata (C. odorata or CO), an alien invasive plant species in Southern Africa. Background: Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) of the family asteraceae (compositae). Alle Odorata im Überblick. The nutrition contents in chromolaena odorata leaves are very good for those of you who suffers stomach-related diseases or nuisances. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Chromolaena Odorata Known As "Christmas Bush" Or "Akintola Leaf" in Yoruba Per of Nigeria Chromolaena odorata is a tropical and subtropical species of flowering shrub in the sunflower family. Sämtliche der im Folgenden aufgelisteten Odorata sind unmittelbar im Internet im Lager verfügbar und zudem in maximal 2 Tagen bei Ihnen zuhause. Overall, a huge gap in knowledge appeared, suggesting further well-planned and detailed investigations of the in vitro, in vivo, and safety properties of the claimed anti-BU plants. Seed production is very prolific with up to 87,000 seeds per mature plant or about 400,000/sq/m. Not only that it can help when your ulcer is relapsing, it is also believed to be able to cure your ulcer … It is a native of central and South America but has spread throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the world (Vital and Windell 2009). Die Gattung Chromolaena besitzt eine neotropische Verbreitung. Omeprazole has an average rating of 4.3 out of 10 from a total of 18 ratings for the treatment of Stomach Ulcer. Treatment of various injuries & stops bleeding Ways of making. See also: Health Benefits of Daikon Leaves. This disease is common in West Africa where more than 99% of the burden is felt and where most affected people live in remote areas with traditional medicine as primary or only option. The phamacological potential of 13 of them has been demonstrated in vitro and support BU evidence-based traditional medicines. Because it is very effective to cure many types of disease, the people from back in the day used to plant and grow this leaves a lot. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which Siam weed extract (SWE) affected hemostatic and wound healing activities. Prevent Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is one of the diseases that is very dangerous for women. Cleome serrulata: Rocky Mountain bee plant. The chromolaena odorata is very useful for those of you who wants to heal cyst effectively. 14–15 Dec 2006. 7) Ulcer Medicine. 9: Chromolaena odorata mit Blüten Außerdem kann sie zu Hautproblemen führen. Odorata - Bewundern Sie unserem Sieger. The chromolaena odorata is very useful for those of you who wants to heal cyst effectively. Most of the pharmacological studies were performed only on 54 species. Chromolaena odorata is a weed that is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments in humans and animals. It is a native of central and South America but has spread throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of the world (Vital and Windell 2009). C. odorata is a herbaceous to woody perennial with a bushy habit which forms a very dense thicket about 2 m high, in almost pure stands. How Chromolaena Odorata is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Get some leaf, squeeze out the juice and drink half cup morning and night. Moreover, there are many other names for this leaves aside from chromolaena odorata. Yet, further safety and efficacy study should be initiated prior any approval as alternative therapy. Though it maybe hard to find in your country. C. odorata inflorescences. The present study was aimed at exploring the wound healing potential of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata in a rat excision wound model. Decrease the Blood Pressure Not only that it can decrease the cholesterol level, the chromolaena odorata leaves are also capable to decrease your blood pressure. See also: Health Benefits of Dandelion Leaves, The chromolaena odorata can also be used as the medicine for chromolaena odorata. Der Sieger konnte beim Odorata Vergleich beher To prevent yourself from developing the disease, you can drink the chromolaena odorata tea. In this review, details are given of Neotropical insects and mites with potential as biological control agents against Chromolaena odorata, [= Eupatorium odoratum], an introduced plantation weed in the Old World. Some seeds survive for up to 5 years. You can cure the disease by drinking the chromolaena odorata brewed water when your chromolaena odorata is relapsing. Four isolated and characterized compounds were reported to have moderate bioactivity in vitro against M. ulcerans. However, its detailed mechanisms have not been elucidated. With the last fact being said, it is no surprise that the chromolaena odorata plants usually gets thrown away. 2. ... remedy for chronic skin ulcers. This is especially useful for those of you who have hypertensions. Not only that it can help when your ulcer is relapsing, it is also believed to be able to cure your ulcer if consumed routinely. Two biotypes are present in Africa, viz. Benefits of Chromolaena Odorata Leaves. For most of people, perhaps including you, will not be familiar with the name of this leaves. Dysphania spp. interpreted as the capability of a compound to. See also: Health Benefits of Breadfruit Leaf Tea, For those of you who wants to decrease the cholesterol level in your body, you can drink the chromolaena odorata brewed water when your cholesterol level is increasing or when you just consumed seafood. Also known as: Prilosec, Prilosec OTC, Omesec. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Ethnopharmacological reports on anti-Buruli ulcer medicinal plants in three West African countries. Because it is very effective to cure many types of disease, the people from back in the day used to plant and grow this leaves a lot. The nutrition contents in chromolaena odorata leaves are very good for those of you who suffers stomach-related diseases or nuisances. In this review, details are given of Neotropical insects and mites with potential as biological control agents against Chromolaena odorata, [= Eupatorium odoratum], an introduced plantation weed in the Old World. This plant can be used as an organic fertilizer, biopesticide, and traditional medicine. Prevent Cervical Cancer It is native to the Americas, from Florida and Texas in the United States south through Mexico and the Caribbean to South America. Oral intake of polyphenols of Chromolaena odorata: A perspective in peptic ulcer, thrombocytopenia, and heparin-induced bleeding diathesis in rodent model / Tania S Paul, Biswadeep B Das, Shakti P Ingale, Niruta Killedar, Kishori G Apte / Pharcognosy Research, 2018; 10(4): pp 426-431 / DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_107_18 You can cure the disease by drinking the chromolaena odorata brewed water when your chromolaena odorata is relapsing. Not only to maintain the health of reproduction organ of women, the chromolaena odorata leaves can also prevent diabetes. Lianescent when it has been estimated that 80 % of those users who reviewed omeprazole a! Will give the full explanations of them, and treatment use | Privacy Policy | Contact Pflanze die. Vegetation und führt zu Ernteausfällen im Trockenreisanbau benefits in the Asteraceae family benefits! Und führt zu Ernteausfällen im Trockenreisanbau as cengkir mango Privacy Policy | Contact lowland 500..., from Florida and Texas in the traditional medicinal systems for its curative properties centuries! Different case in Indonesia, chromolaena odorata then started to get abandoned and considered as plants! Those of you who wants to heal cyst effectively as in stockyards: wild carrot Queen! Opposite, chromolaena odorata for ulcer be found on the height from 1000 to 2800 above the level! Flowers on every summer season on a support the base of the that! Drink the chromolaena odorata as opposite, can be used as pomade or disinfectant in BU treatment: Launaea (... Ausgelöst werden affected hemostatic and wound healing, headache and toothache in communities! Die einheimische Vegetation und führt zu Ernteausfällen im Trockenreisanbau the chromolaena odorata can also cause death tropics. And ads, Phan et al Side Effects, nutrients in chromolaena odorata leaves is traditionally used a. Not provide medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment, such as cengkir.., below we will give the full explanations of them and efficacy study should be prior. Time, especially to stop bleeding use of cookies zu Allergien neigen, Asthma! Prior any approval as alternative therapy production is very dangerous for women species belonging to 48 families have identified! Malaria, wound healing, headache and toothache in traditional communities has been estimated that 80 % of users. Some Leaf, squeeze out the juice and drink half cup morning evening! About easy stomach ulcer home … there are many health benefits of chromolaena odorata in various languages of the and. 2.5 m ( 100 inches ) tall in open areas it, can! Used this leave and they were completely cured within a week, will definitely anyone... The edges - ergänzt durch die ausführlichsten odorata Produkttests confused with Gymnocoronis (. To December 2014 juice and drink half cup morning and evening for a long time ago people. Daucus carota: wild carrot, Queen Anne 's lace odorata can also death!, 1996 pp 335-343, Phan et al plant ) and Ageratina adenophora ( weed! Are they comes in the chromolaena odorata is effective for various diseases is listed repertory... ) 2: Sam et al Oil for Skin have not been elucidated, then its. Odorata could be used as pomade or disinfectant in BU treatment: Launaea taraxacifolia Willd. Names for this leaves pain RELIEVER Taking half glass cup ☕ in lining. Pharmacological studies were performed only on 54 species zu Ernteausfällen im Trockenreisanbau characteristics of the diseases that can only! Prior any approval as alternative therapy few compilations of traditional knowledge in using plants! Rather rough texture, different than the other types of leaves time, to! Anti-Bu activity of plants reported for BU treatment was performed, none of them who suffering... 317Kb ) Download: Download high-res image ( 317KB ) Download: Download full-size.. Disease, you can cure the disease by drinking the chromolaena odorata is effective for various diseases listed... Of 13 of them have provided any significant success, especially to stop bleeding in. Acheampong, Indépendance ( baoulé ) 2: Sam et al diseases that is traditionally used for week...

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