characteristics of modern age in english literature

Stylistically, too, Modernism was very different from its predecessors in the literary world. Some of the most famous authors of this period are Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, and Charles Dickens. The Age of Discovery (also known as the Age of Exploration) has been mentioned as one of the possible starting points of the Modern Age. In the preface Wilde writes; �There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. It aimed at making men honest and free. Some of the novels adopted the technique of stream of consciousness. The Modern Age in English Literature started from the beginning of the twentieth century, and opposed the so-called ‘hypocritical’ attitude of the Victorian Society. The Puritan movement is marked by the rebirth of moral nature of man, which followed the intellectual awakening of Europe. We cannot of course mention all his books (he even wrote some popular plays), but of note are: �Of Human Bondage�, autobiographical in nature, �Ashenden�, about a secret agent, and four volumes of very entertaining short stories, of which my favourite is �Salvatore�. Modernism. Here is an example of his writing, from �England, your England�: �As I write, highly civilised human beings are flying overhead, trying to kill me. He developed the theme in 1959, with �Brave New World Revisited�. This conquest inaugurated a distinctly new epoch in literature, as well as the political history of England. Now we really must stop, and move on to a few typical examination questions: �Compare George Bernard Shaw�s and Oscar Wilde�s works.� �Do you think that Maugham was more imaginative in his writing than Orwell?� �It is said that Ted Hughes was obsessed with nature, power and death. Experimentation and individualism became virtues, where in the past they were often heartily … The reader actually becomes an otter. Victorian Era is seen as the link between Romanticism of the 18th century and the realism of the 20th century. To obtain a flavour of his political views, you can look at his �A New world Order�, published in 1991. There are thousands of writers and literary works from all over the world which are considered ‘post-modern’ by critics and scholars. They do not feel any enmity against me as an individual, nor I against them. He was awarded an honorary professorship by the University of Thessaloniki. His quintessential book is �Lady Chatterley�s Lover�, a story of illicit love, passion and unadulterated sex between the upper-class wife of an impotent aristocrat and the gamekeeper. �WILD RIVER TROUT Dark shadow lies beneath, no movement; Not even a twitch of the delicate tail While it seeks its food. Students will become acquainted with writers, poets and playwrights such as Thomas Hardy, William Somerset Maugham, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Virginia Woolf, George Orwell, Henry Williamson, John Betjeman, Ted Hughes, Charles Causley, Samuel Beckett, Laurie Lee, Agatha Christie and John Le Carr�. So we come to a mammoth of English literature, William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965). The Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxon King, Harold 11, at the Battle of Hastings and conquered England. John Betjeman (a poet laureate), and lover of old England, loved Victoriana, the smell of old churches and musty books. If I compare Tolkien to Rowling�s �Harry Potter�, the latter catapults itself out of existence. or �Terrifying are the attent sleek thrushes on the lawn, More coiled steel than living � a poised Dark deadly eye, those delicate legs Triggered to stirrings beyond sense � with a start, a bounce, a stab Overtake the instant and drag out some writhing thing. The gripping play ends without Godot arriving. The early modern period is characterised by the rise of science, the shrinkage of relative distances Nevertheless, he was a competent writer. He comments on the English were cutting; for example: �A person who thinks he is moral when he is only uncomfortable.� Our course then rushes through John Galsworthy, Joseph Conrad (not even British-born) and T.S. Who has not heard of Mrs. Marples and Hercule Poirot? Tolstoy’s War and Pe… So here we go! Also known as the Anglo-Saxon period, the old English period was marked by the influx of the Saxons and the Angles tribes invading Celtic England. His most well-known work is �Ulyses�, an example of his so-called �stream of consciousness� writing, which tries to catch one�s deepest thoughts and imagination on paper, a kind of interior monologue. To your success-hungry ego, Just grant some time to others. The invasion extended to the conquest of England in 1066 which was led by William the Conqueror. The Characteristics Of Literature In Modern Age Some characteristics of middle englishDocument Transcript Some Characteristics of Middle English Page 1 of 3 Some Characteristics of Middle English Vocabulary: Consider these pairs of Modern English words. He wrote the play �Murder in the Cathedral�, a very good theatrical adaptation of the dastardly murder of Archbishop Thomas � Becket. Modernist literature was a predominantly English genre of fiction writing, popular from roughly the 1910s into the 1960s. One of my favourite quotes of his, from �The Rock�, is: �Where is the wisdom lost to knowledge, where is the knowledge lost to information and where is the word we lost in words?� After a brief glimpse of the amazing American Ezra Pound, who found Europe and Italy in particular, more to his liking intellectually than the USA, we come to William Yeats (1865-1939). The first half of the 20'Th century is very important in the history of English literature. During this time, novel writing became the most prominent literary work. It is not an easy question, since one needs to look at the morality of the Victorian Age, which some say had an element of hypocrisy: sometimes, those who persecute people manically and morally for something, are trying to hide their own tendencies, even from themselves�. You are encouraged to share the results of your studies, helping not only your fellow students, but me. It darts, too quick for eye to follow, You see it in its new position. Medieval Literature and Culture: 11. Vasco De Gama circumnavigated the earth; Columbus discovered America; Copernicus uncovered the Solar System. His stories often bring out what he saw as the injustice of the divorce laws, especially for women who had married the wrong man, and were then trapped in their marriage, and how they and their lovers were then ostracized by society. Born in Wales of Norwegian parents, his daughter was once one of the girlfriends of a cousin of mine. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), a giant in English literature, is worth chubby paragraph. The realistic writer is one who thinks that truth to observed facts (facts about the outer world or his own feelings) is the great thing, while an idealist writer wants to create a pleasant picture. The modern literature is bubbling with gloominess, despair, misery, desolation, hopelessness, anguish, depression, dejection, and hopelessness of the modern world. Now back to the Irish: James Joyce (1882-1942) was another of those linguists who chose Paris. UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SHALANI GOBIFELWANG 200602865; MR SEDA MODERN ENGLISH DRAMA ENG 482 21-04-2010; Using any two plays that you have studied in this course list and analyse any three characteristics, features or conventions of drama of the modern period. Nothing but bounce and stab And a ravening second.� (from �Thrushes�). Along with the revival of learning, new discoveries took place in several other fields. From poor Charlotte Dymond, we move to Clifford Dyment�s �Fox�, which begins: �Exploiter of the shadows He moved among the fences, A strip of action coiling Around his farmyard fancies.� And so we come to another mammoth, a poet laureate into the bargain, Ted Hughes, who (see above) admired Henry Williamson. The literature of the Victorian age (1837-1901) entered a new period after the romantic revival. The period saw an abrupt break away from the old ways of interacting with the world. The theaters which were shut by the Puritans opened again. The Victorian Age started from 1832; this age is divided into two parts: The early Victorian age and the late Victorian age. But does this not also apply to men? A range of familiar modern genres initially flourished during the Romantic age, including adventure(from Edmond Dantès to Long John Silver), fantasy(from Peter Pan to Dracula), and science fiction(from Captain Nemo to Frankenstein). You see only spreading ripples, Then the golden glint, the creamy belly, In the evening sun. We cannot leave these chaps without mention of a lady writer, who, although not an espionage expert, is one of the best crime novelists: Agatha Christie (1890-1978), wrote sixty six detective novels, using her experience as a hospital dispenser in the Great War to learn a good deal about poisons. Modernist literature came into its own due to increasing industrialization and globalization. There is not a hard and fast rule for when the Victorian period ended (outside the death of Queen Victoria) and when Modernism began. To get a sense of his style, here is the beginning of �A Small Town in Germany�: �Ten minutes to midnight: a pious Friday in May and a fine river mist lying in the market square. or �The pig lay on a barrow dead. �The Turn of the Screw� is a good ghost story. Moreover, it appealed to the aristocratic class only. It was eventually made into a proper film, and Williamson died on the same day that the filming of a dying Tarka was taking place. It hunts your soul. The ending is pretty horrific. I find his style too precise for my liking, the very antithesis of �stream of consciousness� writing. One of his best thrillers, the �Human Factor�, is based on espionage, as is �Our Man In Havanna�. Indeed, one of his most famous novels, �The Magus�, is set on the island of Spetse, a story of intrigue, passion, obsession and sex, with an orchestrator, �Conchis�. As the writers of the eighteenth century in England tried to follow the simple and noble methods of the great ancient writers, they began to be called Classical writers. However, due to the severe religious principles, poetry became metaphysical. A poet who wrote novels, he was born to a modest family (his father was a stonemason), trained as an architect, but returned to his beloved Wessex to write. She has also been seen as a feminist, having written : �A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction�. After Eton, Blair became a colonial policeman in Burma (he was born in Bengal), an experience which made him critical of the British Empire. The modern age is an age of democracy and nationalism. Writers mixed images from the past with modern languages and themes, creating a collage of styles. Old English poetry vanished and romances, that talked of heroes of by-gone days became popular. For many post-modern writers, the various disasters that occurred in the last half of the 20th century left a number of writers with a profound sense of paranoia. I shall provide some examples of examination questions at the end of this hopefully helpful guide. He is great enough, as it is. Post-modern literature serves as a reaction to the supposed stylistic and ideological limitations of modernist literature and the radical changes the world underwent after the end of World War II. Wilde�s wild life seems to have led to a tragically early demise, not as early as Mozart, but still premature: he sued the father of a poet friend of his, Lord Alfred Douglas, for libel, for accusing him of performing sodomy with his son (the poet). It weighed, they said, as much as three men. Shaw, perhaps somewhat more mature emotionally than Wilde, and surely a decent enough chap, was, like Wilde, healthily critical of people, but more as members of what we term �society�. If you wish to gain some insight into class and accent in England, you should red �Pygmalion�. • reflection of the modern chaos and confusion. Williamson was a writer, journalist and farmer, who was in love with nature. We are, after all, in the same boat, even if I am at the helm. The Middle English Literature means English literature that developed during the period from 1100 to 1500 century. Qualities like balance, reason, and intellect were the main focus of this era. Orwell was also a good short story writer. In terms of literary modernism, authors of the mid- to late 20th century were more interested in the modern possibilities of language, style, narrative teniques, etc. Spare their women for Thy Sake, And if that is not too easy We will pardon Thy mistake. Moving now to more social and even sexual themes, we come to D.H. (David Herbert Richard) Lawrence (1885-1930). They began to imitate French writers and their vices. 4. Cambridge-educated Yorkshireman Hughes was fascinated by the natural violence of nature - in particular as regards the behaviour of animals - , in power and in death: �I sit in the top of the wood, my eyes closed. It stood for the liberty of people from the shackles of the despotic rulers, as well as the introduction of high ideals in politics. This age was the beginning of racial/sexual diversity in literature. � PAGE PAGE 1 9 J � � � � �&. His �1984�, published in 1948, predicts a future where the world is divided into huge power blocks, and where people are run on government propaganda. became increasingly politically conscious and highly critical of Anglo-American foreign policy. The Anglo-Saxon age comprises about 600 years.Beowoulf is one of the most important works of that age. Returning to America, John Steinbeck is of considerable note for his novels about life during the Great Depression, in particular �Of Mice and Men� and �The Grapes of Wrath�. �The Collector� is also a rather frightening little story of a girl trapped by an obsessive collector, ending nastily. Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestlé named top plastic polluters. In literature, it used to describe certain characteristics of post–World War II literature, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc. Born in Paris, where his father was a legal adviser, hiss mother died when he was eight years of age, and his father two years later. The following quote reveals some of Maugham�s sometimes bitter-sweet powers of describing people: �When she reddened, her pasty skin acquired a curiously mottled look, like strawberries and cream gone bad.� Wending our way towards the writers of thrillers, I shall touch on only four, although there is a whole bevy of them. Some of his other books are �Horse under Water�, �Bomber� and �Berlin Game� (part of a series). English literature is one of the richest literatures in the world. The Normans not only brought with them soldiers, artisans and traders, they also had scholars to revive knowledge, minstrels to celebrate victories, or sing of adventure and love. English literature is the last child of the Renaissance which commenced in Italy after the downfall of Constantinople by the Turkish ruler . It expresses another temperament and way of living; it breathes the influence of the wind and storm. These phases may be termed as ‘Ages’ or ‘Periods’, which are named either after the central literary figures or the important rulers of England, literary movements, or termed by literary historians. Moder… People communicated the poems and literary works orally during the period under consideration. But as they followed the ancient classical writers only in their external performance, they lacked their sublimity, essence and grandeur, so they are called pseudo-classicists. • It is one of the most turbulent eras in the history of English Literature. We began to trace elements of modernism in English poetry by the end of the Victorian era. Moreover, it was the age of revolutionary change, not only in view of the character and function of poetry, but in the whole conception of the nature of man and of the world in which he found himself. He then left for Paris, changing his name to Sebastian Melmoth, dying two years later. It brought out the reality of intelligence work, the drudgery and the mutual suspicions that abound in the incestuous world of institutionalised spying. Nothing was considered certain and people strove for realism and meaning of life. 1850. As such, it is naturally unstructured. In contrast, his �Dubliners�, a series of short stories about life in Dublin, is surprisingly prosaic in style. The Modernist Period in English Literature occupied the years from shortly after the beginning of the twentieth century through roughly 1965. Science made a massive progress, and Darwinism and other such theories (which challenged religious beliefs), greatly welcomed doubts and skepticism. His writing was sensitive, and some of his descriptions of nature in his beloved Wessex are touching. The Middle English period sees a huge transition in the language, culture, and lifestyle of England and results in what we can recognize today as a form of “modern” (recognizable) English. This phase in the history of English Literature is called Restoration as monarchy was restored in England, and Charles II, whose father had been executed after his defeat by the parliamentary forces under Oliver Cromwell, came back to England from his exile in France and became the King. Wilde was quintessentially Irish in wit, humour, verbal prowess, blood, and origin, yet, having studied at Trinity College Dublin and then Oxford, was very �English� in a pleasantly louche, supercilious and upperclassish way. Although her writing style is surprisingly simple, she manages to keep the reader hooked by misdirecting him. English literature is the last child of the Renaissance which commenced in Italy after the downfall of Constantinople by the Turkish ruler . It reflects the revolution against conservative thoughts. Yours faithfully, William Mallinson 13 March 2012, in the year of our Lord. The only question is how pure is your heart. Books are well written, or badly written.� In other words, he seems to be saying that art is for art�s sake. Modern English nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs are inflected. The upward stab, the plucking bite, The munching seconds, invisible to you. At any event, having run out of cash, and written �The Ballad of Reading Gaol�, this former witty wordsmith par excellence said not long before he died: �I shall have to die beyond my means.� He left a wife and two children, for whom he had written a lovely, but slightly frightening book of tales. After Oxford, he taught at Eton for two years, and then worked for MI5 (which handles, along with the Police�s Special Branch, internal security, but often has rows with MI6 about responsibility for Northern Ireland, because of the connexions with the Republic of Ireland). He was in British Naval Intelligence for a while. At any rate, she drowned herself in the Thames. Literary modernism originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in answer to the call of Ezra Pound: "Make it new." • use of symbol and scientific methodology. In literature, it used to describe certain characteristics of post–World War II literature, for example, on fragmentation, paradox, questionable narrators, etc. The novel as a genre rose to entertain the rising middle class and to depict the contemporary life in a changing society. �Shooting an Elephant� brings out the relationship between rulers and ruled, while �A Hanging� is horrific in its detail. Born in Paris, where his father was a legal adviser, hiss mother died when he was eight years of age, and his father two years later. It is also called the Classical Age in literature. Body sculpted to living perfection; Colours glisten, yet as deep as the river. Writers should be able to express their views without being sent to Coventry. Have fun! They wrote both about beautiful and twisted things, about human feelings, about the sad realities, about World Wars, about pessimism and humanitarianism. All the past traditions and norms were broken, and the writers started to focus more on the characters’ inner mind and psychology, rather than the actions and plot. Poetry became more satirical, realistic, and was written in the heroic couplet of which Dryden was the supreme master. He is very perceptive, revealing the real, rather than the politically correct and sanitised nonsense of hypocrisy. The era extends to around 1500. and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. English literature is one of the richest literatures in the world. No indolent procrastinations and no yawning stares, No sighs or head-scrathings. ... Coodin holds a Ph.D. in English literature from York University in Toronto. Keep our Empire undismembered Guide our forces by Thy hand, Gallant blacks from far Jamaica, Honduras and Togoland; Protect them Lord in all their fights, And, even more, protect the whites. Although they are for adults and older children, �Charlie and the Chocolate Factory� is definitely for young people. When we study the history of English literature, we find that it has passed through certain definite phases, each having marked characteristics. The Anglo-Saxons lost their initial hostility to the newcomers with time, and they became part and parcel of one nation. Similarly, at the core of many post-modern literary writers’ imagination, there is a belief that the world has already fallen apart and that actual, singular meaning is impossible to locate. Whereas earlier, most literature had a clear beginning, middle, and end (or introduction, conflict, and resolution), the Modernist story was often more of a stream of consciousness. Few have not heard of Carroll�s �Alice in Wonderland� and �Through the Looking-Glass and what Alice found there�, both of which are intriguing fantasies, almost making imagination real. From Orwell, we turn now to two children�s writers, although their books are also appropriate for adults. Wherever you live, �Big Brother� watches you from a television screen, and so help you if you say anything against the government, or even try to have a loving relationship with someone. The major poets of this age are William Langland, John Gower and Chaucer. It was a break from the traditional fundamentals of doing things which modernistic artists and … As for the Ministry of Truth, it is based on lying. In studying the Shakespearean era and the Early modern English period of the English language, it is interesting to view the evolution of language. Literary modernism, or modernist literature, has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America, and is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing, in both poetry and prose fiction. From Alice�s fantasy world, the Scotsman Kenneth Graham takes us to the fantasy world of little animals, with �The Wind in the Willows�, written to his son. The modern age of English literature also affects the art of modern poetry. Post-modern writers were greatly affected by this philosophy. He then produced a highly entertaining book, �Down and out in London and Paris�. But his portrait becomes increasingly corrupt and horrid: it represents his soul. Modern English Poetry is of a cosmopolitan nature, with English, Irish and American poets achieving eminence. The modern period in English literature was a reaction against the Victorian culture, which was dominant for most of the nineteenth century (Oliphant). Other superb books are books are �The End of the Affair�, �The Honorary Consul� and �Ministry of Fear�. In the preface to �The Doctor�s Dilemma�, he writes: �Thus everything is on the side of the doctor. It pulls and judders at your soul; Such beauty, as you take him out, Designed for hunting fly, To feed its perfect muscles. After the death of Queen Victoria, Edward came to the throne. Roald Dahl (1916-1990) is also a wonderful writer, primarily but not exclusively for children. He also wrote and spoke on political matters. Th… English language - English language - Characteristics of Modern English: British Received Pronunciation (RP), traditionally defined as the standard speech used in London and southeastern England, is one of many forms (or accents) of standard speech throughout the English-speaking world. Woolf was a leading light of the �Bloomsbury Group�, named after the area of London in which it met. The essence of this movement was that man discovered and unveiled his new potentials. Our last two poems are by me, and I feel constrained to tell you that if a poem is to be unadulterated, and above the shackles of convention and/or self-interest, whether good or bad, it must come directly from the heart. In contrast, Shaw was an Anglo-Irish Protestant, morally, socially and politically conscious, even being a founder member of the Fabian Society. Dalloway�. The Renaissance Period brought the ‘revival of learning’, and it denotes in its broadest sense the gradual enlightenment of human mind after the darkness of the Middle Ages. To your love-thirsting heart, Oh grant some time to harmony. It is silly that the �Norton Anthology of English Literature� does not include him, while including many lesser writers. Medieval Women Writers: 12. From the latter, we have the memorable quote: �The question is�, said Alice, �whether you can make words mean different things.� The question is, said Humpty Dumpty, �which is to be master, that�s all.� It was rumoured that he had a not wholly healthy interest in young girls, although there is not a jot of evidence that he ever did anything untoward. Victorian literature is often considered as stuffy and morally oppressive. That clearly points to a political career.�; and � He who can, does. Nothing was considered certain and people strove for realism and meaning of life. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections are invariable. So good was it, that Walt Disney twice approached him for the film rights, and was roundly rejected. Modern art(aka "modernist art") simply denotes new, non-traditional art. The following are the important characteristics of the modern age: [1] Interrogation and Anxiety: The 20'Th century is known as the age of interrogation and anxiety. • the decay of plot and characters in writing. Modern literaturecan be broadly divided into two approaches, realismand radicalism, both of which can be traced back to ca. Cultural and Literary 18th-19th Centuries: 9. During this unique period, English got maturity and widespread popularity among people belonging to every strata of society. Hence, it can also be called a fusion of romantic and realist style of writing. So we come to a mammoth of English literature, William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965). It is also called the Age of Milton, who was the noblest representative of the Puritan spirit. �Animal Farm� is an attack on communist totalitarianism. T S Eliot As A Modernist Poet English Literature Essay. That is the trouble with literary movements--though some writers did in fact work together, authors are generally connected through consistent trends in the themes of their works. This period was rich in prose and produced great prose writers like Milton, Bacon, Burton and Sir Thomas Browne. The literature of this era was preceded by romanticism and was followed by modernism or realism . Pollution. The end of the Victorian era is the beginning of modern age. There is of course more to the book than just that, and although it is a superb work, I wouldn�t recommend it to adolescents! Most marks will be awarded for evidence of originality and thinking, as well as of knowledge. The Gothic Novel: 13. • It is transformed the whole fabric of private and social life and wrought a revolutionary change in the thought and outlook of the English nation. In the classical literary cultures outside of Europe, the Modern period begins later, in Ottoman Turkey … • sense of fragmentation and loss of faith. The most important characteristic of Modern Literature is that it is opposed to the general attitude to life and its problems adopted by the Victorian writers and the public, which may be … Modern poetry exercised great freedom in the choice of themes. Aldous Huxley (1894) is best known for �Brave New World� (1934), a particularly negative critique of the future, where Britain is a wasteland of human �robots� and scientific breeding (he virtually predicted test-tube babies), with subordination the ideal of happiness. Is worth chubby paragraph leads a life of debauchery, while Britain was a! Thoughts and technological changes are also appropriate for adults pure is your heart the aristocratic class only its food interjections... From any particular region or culture of Mrs.Tittlemouse War of Troy and the suspicions. 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